UNH Nutrition 400 Final Exam 2022 with complete solution
- enzymes of vitamin B - Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folate, B12, Biotin, Pantothenic
Acid, B6 Niacin can be synthesized from? - tryptophan Major functions of Folate - Formation of DNA, metabolize amino acids, formation of neurotransmitters Synthetic form of folate? - folic acid Folate deficiencies can cause? - macrocytic anemia and neural tube defects major functions of vitamin B12 - formation of blood, folate metabolism, homocysteine metabolism, maintains myelin sheaths deficiency of vitamin B12 - lack of HCL - atrophic gastritis lack of intrinsic factor - pernicious anemia vitamin C - water soluble vitamin ascorbic acid important antioxidant deficiency of vitamin C - smokers at risk could cause scurvy toxicity - GI disturbances what can Vitamin C protect against - cancer, heart disease, common cold symptoms of beriberi - edema, extreme fatigue innate immunity - nonspecific, present at birth, physical barriers, HCL, fever acquired immunity - adaptive or specific, develops as we age, production of antibodies oxidizing agents - cause cell damage, free radicals (unpaired electron, unstable), initiate cascade of disturbance 1 / 2
antioxidants - able to stop or repair free radical damage, largely supplied by diet vitamin E - fat soluble vitamin, important antioxidant in lipid-rich areas of body most active form of vitamin E? - alpha tocopherol where is vitamin E stored? - adipose tissue Vitamin E deficiency - rare, can cause hemolytic anemia vitamin E toxicity - can cause hemorrhagic stroke Vitamin A - fat soluble vitamin provitamin sources of Vitamin A - carotenoids still needs to be activated no risk of toxicity preformed vitamin A is? - retinoids active and ready to go risk of toxicity what does vitamin A do for eye health? - maintains clear cornea transports light energy to nerve impulses in retina vitamin A deficiency - progressive vision impairment xerosis - dryness of cornea keratinization - buildup of protein in eye hyperkeratosis - skin becomes rough and scaly whos at risk for vitamin A toxicity? - supplement takers teratogenic risk - can cause a birth defect what are carotenoids? - fat soluble plant pigments carotenosis - skin turns orange major functions of vitamin D - regulate blood calcium levels, bone calcification, hormone can vitamin D be synthesized in the body? - yes vitamin d and skin - need more sun exposure the darker skin you have
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