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UPDATED RELIAS - FETAL HEART
MONITORING QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
GRADED A+
Question 1: What is the uterine blood supply?
CORRECT ANSWER : Uterine arteries deliver
oxygenated blood to spiral arteries which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal capillaries. Fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical vein that goes to fetus. In contrast, the umbilical arteries return waste products to that intervillous space that go into mother's venous system.
Question 2: What are potential issues that negatively
affect fetal oxygenation?CORRECT ANSWER : Maternal Oxygenation: asthma,
hyper- or hypo- ventilation. Maternal Circulation:
decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension,
decreased Hgb. Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:
postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
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tachysystole. Fetal circulation: cord compression or
occlusion.
Question 3: What is fetal hypoxemia?
CORRECT ANSWER : Can occur due to reduced fetal
O2 reserves, excessive uterine activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow. Worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or absent variability from acidemia.
Question 4: What is the difference between hypoxemia
and hypoxia?CORRECT ANSWER : Hypoxemia: reduced O2 in
blood. Hypoxia: reduced O2 delivery at tissue level.
Question 5: What is fetal anaerobic metabolism?
CORRECT ANSWER : Occurs when long term O2
delivery is insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues.Results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids. Acidosis is the presence of excessive acids in tissues.
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Question 6: What is acidosis?
CORRECT ANSWER : pH below 7.35. pH is low.
Acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia.
Question 7: What is alkalosis?
CORRECT ANSWER : pH above 7.45. pH is high.
Question 8: What are buffers?
CORRECT ANSWE R: Help maintain acid base
homeostasis. 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb.
Question 9: What are base excess and base deficit?
CORRECT ANSWER : Base deficit is expressed as a
positive number. Base excess is expressed as a negative number. They are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably.
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Question 10: What is fetal acidosis?
CORRECT ANSWER : When O2 is decreased to fetus,
tissue hypoxia results in acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit.
Question 11: What is acidemia?
CORRECT ANSWER : Associated with widespread,
deleterious effects on vital organ and body function.
Question 12: What is fetal hypoxia during birth associated
with?
CORRECT ANSWER : Associated with neonatal
depression, low apgars, neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy.
Question 13: What is respiratory acidosis?
CORRECT ANSWER : Low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (>
60), normal base deficit (< 12). Increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit.