USA Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions with 100% Verified Correct Answers What is the condition where the blood glucose is high in a pt? - Correct Answer Diabetes After a pt has been fasting for 8 hours, what levels would indicate prediabetes? - Correct Answer 100-125mg/dL After a pt has been fasting for 8 hours, what levels would indicate diabetes? - Correct Answer Greater than 125mg/dL A glucose tolerance test has been performed, what levels indicate prediabetes? - Correct Answer 140-199mg/dL A glucose tolerance test has been performed, what levels indicate diabetes? - Correct Answer Greater than 200 mg/dL What is the A1C value? - Correct Answer The blood glucose level over the past 3 months Looking at an A1C value, what is considered normal? - Correct Answer Less than 5.7% Looking at an A1C value, what is considered prediabetes? - Correct Answer 5.7% - 6.4% Looking at an A1C value, what is considered diabetes? - Correct Answer 6.5% or higher What is the role of the pancreas? - Correct Answer Secrete insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels Which cells secrete Glucagon? - Correct Answer Alpha cells What cells secrete Insulin? - Correct Answer Beta cells Which tissues do insulin target? - Correct Answer Striated muscle Adipose tissue 1 / 3
Liver How does insulin affect the blood glucose level? - Correct Answer Decreases the plasma-glucose level What is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose level? - Correct Answer Glucagon What is the role of glucagon? - Correct Answer To increase the blood glucose concentration Glucagon helps maintain adequate plasma glucose levels by doing what? - Correct Answer promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis What dominates in a fed-state? - Correct Answer insulin What dominates in a fasted-state? - Correct Answer glucagon Which type of diabetes is caused by lack of insulin secretion? - Correct Answer Type 1 Diabetes Which type of diabetes is caused by decreased sensitivity of target tissues to the metabolic effect of insulin and insulin deficiency? - Correct Answer Type 2 Diabetes What is insulin resistance? - Correct Answer Reduced sensitivity to insulin What develops in pregnant women who have never had diabetes? - Correct Answer Gestational diabetes Which is the most common type of diabetes? - Correct Answer Type 2 Diabetes What is type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)? - Correct Answer The pancreas produce no insulin or little insulin (juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent) What causes Type 1 diabetes mellitus? - Correct Answer Autoimmunity (viruses and genetics) 2 / 3
What are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus? - Correct Answer Hyperglycemia Osmotic diuresis and polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Blurred vision Sudden weight loss Fatigue Diabetic Ketoacidosis What is type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Correct Answer adult onset diabetes 90-95% of all cases of diabetes What does type 2 diabetes mellitus cause? - Correct Answer Decreased sensitivity of target tissues to the metabolic effect of insulin (insulin resistance) What are the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Correct Answer Genetics overweight increased BMI increased waist circumference Life style What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus? - Correct Answer Same symptoms as type 1 + numbness, tingling feet or hands, wounds that don't heal What complications can occur from Diabetes Mellitus? - Correct Answer Blood vessels disease Polyneuropathy Kidney damage Eye damage How do we treat Diabetes mellitus? - Correct Answer Exercise Caloric restriction Weight reduction
- / 3