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USAHS NEUROSCIENCE EXAM 1 NEWEST
2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
What is the 'crossing over' in a motor system called? - ANSWER- pyramidal decussation
occurs at the junction between the medulla and the spinal cord
what do lesions above the pyramidal decussation mean? - ANSWER- contralateral weakness
what do lesions below the pyramidal decussation mean? - ANSWER- ipsilateral weakness
what do lesions in the cerebellum lead to? - ANSWER- leads to disorders in coordination and balance aka ataxia
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what is ataxia? - ANSWER- disorder in coordination and balance
what is the most important motor pathway in humans called? - ANSWER- corticospinal tract aka pyramidal tract
what are the two main pathways in the spinal cord for somatic sensation? - ANSWER- posterior column pathway anterolateral pathway
what is the posterior column pathway? - ANSWER- conveys proprioception, vibration sense, and fine/discriminative touch
what is the anterolateral pathway? - ANSWER- conveys pain, temperature sense, and crude touch
what is the thalamus? - ANSWER- important relay center
nearly all pathways that project to cerebral cortex do so after synapsing in the thalamus
what is the monosynaptic stretch reflex? - ANSWER- Reflex-arc providing rapid local feedback for motor control 2 / 4
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begins with muscle spindles which detect the amount and rate of stretch in muscles
info is then transmitted to distal processes of sensory neurons and is conveyed via dorsal roots in spinal gray matter
in spinal gray matter, the sensory neurons form multiple synapses including some direct synapses onto LMN's in the anterior horn
LMN's project via ventral roots back out to muscle, causing contraction
what happens if a pt has a lesion to the limbic system? - ANSWER- pt may have trouble forming new memories and lesions can also cause behavior changes
What is a unimodal association cortex? - ANSWER- higher order processing mostly for a single sensory or motor modality
what is a heteromodal association cortex? - ANSWER- involved in integrating functions from multiple sensory and/or motor modalities 3 / 4
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What is Gerstmann's syndrome? - ANSWER- lesion in the inferior parietal lobe in left hemisphere
causes difficulty with calculations, right-left confusion, inability to identify fingers by name (finger agnosia) and difficulties with written language
what is apraxia? - ANSWER- inability to perform motor activities
abnormalities in motor conceptualization, planning and execution caused by lesions in frontal or left parietal lobe
left hemineglect is caused by lesions in the non-dominant (right hemisphere)
ex: pt cannot brush teeth
What is anosognosia? - ANSWER- unawareness of a deficit
what are the frontal release signs? - ANSWER- primitive reflexes that are normal in infants but abnormal in adults
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