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v BIOS 1404 Chapter 2
1. Element:
Answer unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions; macroscopic quantities
2. Compound:
Answer a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
3. Atom:
Answer the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element; submicroscopic quantities
4. Trace Elements:
Answer are those required by an organism in minute quantities
5. Trace Elements (4):
Answer - Oxygen
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
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6. Electron Shell (Bohr model):
Answer an electron's state of potential energy
- Which shell has the highest energy in an atom?
- The outermost
- The innermost
C. They all have the same energy:
Answer A
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8. Valence Electrons:
Answer electrons in the outermost (valence) shell of an atom
9. Electron-Dot Structure:
Answer a notation showing the valence electrons surrounding the atomic symbol
- What do elements with atomic numbers 6, 14, and 32 have in
- same number of electrons
- same atomic mass
- same valence and will form the same number of covalent bonds
- all of the above
common?
E. none of the above:
Answer C
11. Non-Covalent Bonds (4):
Answer - Ionic bonds
- Hydrogen bonds (H-bonds)
- Van der Waals Interactions
- Hydrophobic Interactions
12. Covalent Bond:
Answer type of strong bond formed between two of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms
13. Molecules:
Answer two or more atoms chemically bonded together
14. Electronegativity:
Answer ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydro- gen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating
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