1 VTNE Pharmacology Final Exam Latest Updated 2024 / Complete 250+ Exam Questions with Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) Rated A+/
Which medication given for diarrhea can cause the stools to appear dark in color, like melena?Sucralfate Forti-flora Tylosis Pepto Bismol Metronidazole - Correct Answer - Pepto Bismol.Rationale; Pepto Bismol and some formulations of Kao Pectate contain bismuth subsalicylate, which causes darkening of the stool and acts by anti-secretory effects on the intestine.Sucralfate is given to help sooth esophageal and gastric ulcers. Metronidazole and Tylosis are antibiotics.Forti-flora is given to help restore the normal gastrointestinal flora.
Which medication is commonly given to patients with organophosphate toxicity?Morphine Vitamin K IV vodka Atropine - Correct Answer - Atropine is an anticholinergic drug and is an important treatment of organophosphate toxicity. This is because organophosphates are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and toxicity allows a buildup of acetylcholine. Atropine counteracts these effects.
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2 What purpose is the administration of the drug Guaifenesin typically used for in horses?Intestinal Prokinetic Muscle relaxation Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory Expectorant - Correct Answer - Muscle relaxation.Rationale; Guaifenesin is administered intravenously to horses to provide relaxation of skeletal muscles during induction of general anesthesia. The exact mechanism of action is unknown but believed to be related to central depression of nerve impulse transmission.Although guaifenesin is administered orally in some species as an expectorant, this is not the typical reason for its administration in horses.
What clinical syndrome can result from bedding a horse on shavings made from the Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) tree?
Contact dermatitis Nothing/no Effect Contact alopecia Laminitis Foot abscessation - Correct Answer - Laminitis.Rationale; Contact with Black Walnut shavings can cause laminitis in the horse within 10-12 hours of being placed on the bedding. Severity of laminitis can be mild to severe and may also be accompanied by limb edema.
Which of the following can cause severe gastritis and should be used with extreme caution when inducing vomiting?
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3 Hydromorphone Xylazine Apomorphine Hydrogen peroxide - Correct Answer - Hydrogen peroxide is often used over-the counter to induce emesis in dogs. It can cause a severe gastritis due to its effects on the stomach lining and should be used with caution. Apomorphine and hydromorphone are both opiates. Xylazine is an alpha 2 agonist.
All drugs need to be stored and handled so that they are safe for the patient, client, and veterinary staff. When handling drugs that are considered cytotoxic or hazardous, personal protective apparel (PPA) should be worn. With which of the following drugs is it imperative to pay special attention to safe handling?
-Ascorbic Acid -Metoclopramide -Sucralfate -Vincristine -Metronidazole - Correct Answer - Vincristine is a chemotherapeutic agent and PPA including gloves, gowns, and a face shield should be worn when using this drug.Ascorbic acid is Vitamin C and probably poses minimal risk when handling.Metronidazole and sucralfate are not hazardous via handling.
An 11-year-old male German shepherd dog with previously diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) presents to your clinic following a dog fight. The dog is significantly aggressive and resistant to handling. What medication should NOT be used to sedate this patient?
-Dexmedetomidine -Atropine -Midazolam -Butorphanol 3 / 4
4 -Buprenorphine - Correct Answer - Dexmedetomidine should only be used in patients with normal cardiac function as it can cause a significant reduction in cardiac output due to reduced heart rate. It should be avoided whenever possible in patients that have compromised cardiac function. Butorphanol and buprenorphine would be better options for sedation as these drugs would not have as much effect on cardiac output and would provide some pain relief. Midazolam can be used to sedate the patient via IM administration and, although it would not provide any pain control, it would allow for safer handling of the patient. Atropine is not a sedative, but an anticholinergic used most commonly to increase heart rate.
A Golden retriever ingests several tablespoons of antifreeze. This will cause the most damage to what organ system?-Cardiac -Renal -Hepatic -Gastrointestinal -Nervous - Correct Answer - Renal Rationale; Ethylene glycol (EG), the primary ingredient in antifreeze, causes damage to the renal system (kidneys). EG causes damage to the renal tubular epithelium, causing buildup of oxalate crystals in the renal tubules and metabolic acidosis.
Which is safe to put in the ears if the tympanum may be ruptured?-Chlorhexidine -Gentamicin -Neomycin -0.9% NaCl - Correct Answer - Saline (0.9% sodium chloride) is considered safe.The others listed (especially aminoglycoside antibiotics) could potentially be ototoxic if the eardrum is not intact.
Which of the following medications is commonly found over-the-counter (OTC)?
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