WGU 785 Final Exam Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids?Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier parents
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Correct answer- The process of copying DNA in the lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
- Steps of PCR
Correct answer- 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
- Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy and
- Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides building
add DNA polymerase.
a new DNA strand.Base Excision Repair (BER) Correct answer- How you repair a mutation. BER is used to repair damage to a base caused by harmful molecules. You remove the base that is damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide* DNA glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Correct answer- replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA
and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?Correct answer- When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?Correct answer- TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with RNA primer to work.What is needed for DNA replication? 1 / 2
Correct answer- DNA polymerase Nonsense Mutation Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense because it is no more.Silent Mutation Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the change doesn't change the name of the protein Missense Mutation Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid.Missense = mistake was made.What happends during RNA splicing?Correct answer- During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.Correct answer- 3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5' The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go L-R with the complimentary letter.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?Correct answer- 5'AUG AGU CUC UCU 3' This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is RNA. RNA doesn't have T.How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC - coding strand, AUC - mRNA strand) Correct answer- This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of the protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake DNA replication process Correct answer- DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.Correct answer- This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino acid that has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid will have a + or - charge.Describe what causes the misfolding of protein in Alzheimer's Disease.Correct answer- Protein misfolding is caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation.
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