WGU C180 Study Guide Latest Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam from Credible Sources with 260 Questions and Verified Correct Answers Golden Ticket to Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
According to Erikson's theory , what stage of development characterizes the period of infancy? - CORRECT ANSWER: Stage 1: Infancy (0-2 years) Trust vs. Mistrust
Agreeableness - CORRECT ANSWER: A personality dimension that describes
someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting.
Ainsworth study - CORRECT ANSWER: observed how babies and mothers worked
together to cope with new and moderately stressful situations (strange person test)
altruism - CORRECT ANSWER: unselfish regard for the welfare of others
ambivalent attachment - CORRECT ANSWER: insecurely attached; upset when mother
leaves and then angry with mother upon her return
anterograde amnesia - CORRECT ANSWER: an inability to form new memories;
typically after an accident or trauma
antisocial personality disorder - CORRECT ANSWER: A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
Asch's research on conformity - CORRECT ANSWER: revealed that people will conform to the group, even if they know the group is giving the wrong answer
Autonomy vs. Shame(Erickson) - CORRECT ANSWER: Stage 2: Early Childhood (2-4 years) Autonomy vs shame and doubt 1 / 4
avoidant attachment - CORRECT ANSWER: characterized by child's unresponsiveness
to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER: a long, segmented fiber which transmits information away
from the cell body toward other neurons or to the muscles and glands.
behavioral approach - CORRECT ANSWER: An approach to psychology emphasizing
the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.
belongingness and love needs - CORRECT ANSWER: intimate relationships, friends
bipolar disorder - CORRECT ANSWER: A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
borderline personality disorder - CORRECT ANSWER: a personality disorder
characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures
Briefly, describe Pavlov's early work in classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER: In Pavlov's experiment, the sound of the tone served as the conditioned stimulus that, after learning, produced the conditioned response (CR), which is the acquired response to the formerly neutral stimulus. Note that the UR and the CR are the same behavior—in this case salivation—but they are given different names because they are produced by different stimuli (the US and the CS, respectively).
bystander effect - CORRECT ANSWER: the tendency for any given bystander to be
less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Cannon-Bard Theory - CORRECT ANSWER: theory proposing that an emotion-
provoking event leads simultaneously to an emotion and to bodily reactions 2 / 4
Cell Body (Soma) - CORRECT ANSWER: contains the nucleus of the cell and keeps
the cell alive
Charismatic Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER: a leadership style in which extremely
self-confident leaders inspire unusual dedication to themselves by relying upon their strong personalities and charm
Chunking - CORRECT ANSWER: organizing items into familiar, manageable units;
often occurs automatically -Phone numbers and social security numbers are chunked
Classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER: Learning to associate 2 stimuli together, which leads to an organism anticipating future events. Example: Ivan Paplov studied salivation in dogs as a precursor to digestion.
Cognitive Approach - CORRECT ANSWER: An approach to psychology emphasizing
the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.
Cognitive Development Early Childhood - CORRECT ANSWER: Inability to conserve
quantity in more than one dimension. Self Centered perspective.
Cognitive Development Middle Childhood - CORRECT ANSWER: Ability to see or
imagine from another point of view. Problem-framing and solving.
Conscientiousness - CORRECT ANSWER: A personality dimension that describes
someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized
conservation - CORRECT ANSWER: the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
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context dependent memory - CORRECT ANSWER: improved recall of specific episodes
or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same.-when an individual has lost an item (e.g. lost car keys) in an unknown location.Typically, people try to systematically "retrace their steps" to determine all of the possible places where the item might be located.
Context Dependent Retrieval - CORRECT ANSWER: We have better retrieval when it
occurs in the same situation in which we learned the material.
continuous reinforcement schedule - CORRECT ANSWER: A behavior is reinforced
every time it occurs. For example if you give your child a candy bar every time he cleans his room
contrast ingroup vs. outgroup bias? - CORRECT ANSWER: Because our primitive
ancestors needed to accurately separate members of their own kin group from those of others, categorizing people into "us" (the ingroup) and "them" (the outgroup) was useful and even necessary. The ingroup-outgroup distinction can creates biases in social perception. Members of the outgroup can be seen more negatively for no other reason than they are part of the outgroup, which has clear implications for intergroup relations, such as racial or ethnic groups. However, the negative bias can be seen even if the outgroup is defined by something as simple as what team someone cheers for or if the groups are determined randomly by a coin toss. The division between ingroup and outgroup can create enmity and distrust toward the outgroup by the fact they are in divided groups alone.
Control Group - CORRECT ANSWER: The group of subjects in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable
Crystallized Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER: The ability to use learned knowledge and experience; the accumulated knowledge of the world we have acquired throughout our lives
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER: a branching, treelike fiber which collects information from other cells and sends the information to the soma
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