WGU C963 Study Guide 2022 with complete solution Natural Rights - The right to life, liberty, and property; believed to be given by God; no government may take them away.State of Nature - A theory on how people might have lived before societies came into existence.Due Process - The requirement that government, when dealing with people, have in place a fair procedure which it equally applies to all.Social Contract - An agreement between people and government in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the government protects their natural rights.Political Ideologies - Coherent philosophies about the structure, power, and purpose of government.Bicameral Legislature - A lawmaking body that consists of two separate chambers.Popular Vote - An election in which the winner is determined by the number of individual votes obtained.Virginia Plan - A plan for a two-house legislature; representatives would be elected to the lower house based on each state's population; representatives for the upper house would be chosen by the lower house.New Jersey Plan - A plan that called for a one-house national legislature; each state would receive one vote.Great Compromise - Also known as the Connecticut Compromise. A compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan that created a bicameral legislature; representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation of states in the Senate.Three-Fifths Compromise - A compromise between northern and southern states that called for counting of all a state's free population and 60 percent of its slave population for both federal taxation and representation in Congress.Veto - The power of the president to reject a law proposed by Congress.Checks and Balances - A system that allows one branch of government to limit the exercise of power by another branch; requires the different parts of government to work together..Separation of Powers - The sharing of powers among three separate branches of government.Federal System - A form of government which power is divided between state governments and a national government.Enumerated Powers - The powers given explicitly to the federal government by the Constitution; power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, raise and support armies, declare war, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs. 1 / 2
Reserved Powers - Any powers not prohibited by the Constitution or delegated to the national government; powers reserved to the states and denied to the federal government.Political Ideologies - Coherent philosophies about the structure, power, and purpose of government.Ratification - The action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid.Republic - A system of government in which power is given to the people through their ability to elect representatives who make laws on their behalf.Habeas Corpus - The right to know, before a judge, why you have been detained.The Federalist Papers - A series of 85 essays, written and published in favor of ratifying the Constitution.Faction - A group who gathers together to advocate for their special interest.Impeachment - A process of removing government officials suspected of criminal activity, including judges and even the president. It requires a majority vote in the House of Representatives to accept articles of impeachment. Two-thirds of the Senate must then vote to remove the person.Executive Orders - Rules or orders that are issued by the President and have the force of law.Inherent Power - The powers neither enumerated nor implied but assumed to exist as a direct result of the country's existence.Oversight - The right to review and monitor other bodies such as the executive branch.Committees - A small set of representatives tasked with considering, researching, introducing, and investigating particular policy areas.Discretionary Spending - Spending that can be altered from year to year through the appropriations process.Budget Resolution - A model of what the government plans to spend and take in as revenue over the next fiscal year. Includes a set of budget priorities and discretionary spending limits.Pork-barrel Spending - Spending on often unnecessary local projects that benefit a specific member of Congress' district or state.Line-item Veto - The ability of the President to reject specific portions of a piece of legislation rather than reject an entire piece of legislation. Ruled unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court.Interstate Commerce Clause - Enumerated power of Congress to regulate commerce and trade that occurs between two or more states.Legal Tender Act - Act passed in 1862 that allowed Congress the ability to produce paper notes of money not guaranteed by gold or silver.Federal Reserve System - The central banking system of the United States that sets monetary policies and bank regulations.Advice and Consent - Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.Supermajority - Also referred to as an absolute majority, any number greater than half or 50%.
- / 2