WGU - CRITICAL THINKING & LOGIC
ALREADY GRADED A
IMPEDIMENTS/BAD HABITS TO SOUND THINKING: ✔✔- Making generalizations
unsupported by evidence
- Letting stereotypes shape our thinking
- Viewing the world from one fixed vantage point
- Forming false beliefs
- Dismissing or attacking viewpoints that conflict with our own
- Thinking deceptively about our own experiences
EGOCENTRISM: ✔✔the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself.
SOCIOCENTRISM: ✔✔the assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all others.
CRITICAL THINKING IS CHARACTERISTICALLY: ✔✔self-directed; self-disciplined; self- monitored; self-corrective; requires practicing good intellectual habits; "thinking about thinking". 1 / 2
FIRST-ORDER THINKING (ORDINARY THINKING): ✔✔spontaneous and non-reflective;
contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning indiscriminately combined
SECOND-ORDER THINKING (CRITICAL THINKING): ✔✔first-order thinking that is
consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed).
FAIR-MINDEDNESS: ✔✔to consider all relevant opinions equally without regard to one's own sentiments or selfish interests; to bring an unbiased and unprejudiced perspective to all viewpoints relevant to a situation. Involves adherence to Intellectual Standards along with requiring the critical thinker to simultaneously embody certain key Intellectual Traits.
INTELLECTUAL UNFAIRNESS (opposite of fair-mindedness): ✔✔to always see yourself as right and just; nearly always involves an element of self-deception.
TRAITS/VIRTUES of a CRITICAL THINKER:
*terms used by Paul & Elder (all relate fundamentally to fair-mindedness) ✔✔-INTELLECTUAL AUTONOMY=thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of rationality.
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