WGU D027 OA EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

WGU D027 OA EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

TEST BANK 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS AGRADE

What are some physical changes from Alzheimer's dementia? - ANSWER>> - Brain shrinks dramatically; nerve cell death and tissue loss

• Cardinal signs: plaques (abnormal clusters of protein fragments) and tangles (twisted

strands of another protein) How is Alzheimer's treated? - ANSWER>> - There is no cure, but there are pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments

• Cholinesterase inhibitors
• Memantine (namenda)

What are cholinesterase inhibitors prescribed for? - ANSWER>> - To treat symptoms related to memory, thinking, language, judgment, and other processes

• Helps delay or slow the worsening of symptoms

What does cholinesterase inhibitors do? - ANSWER>> - Prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, a chemical messenger that is important for learning and memory

• Supports communication among nerve cells by keeping the acetylcholine high

What are some commonly prescribed cholinesterase inhibitors? - ANSWER>> - Donepezil (aricept)

• Galantamine (razadyne)
• Rivastigmine (exeleon)

Which cholinesterase inhibitor can be used for all stages of Alzheimer's? - ANSWER>>

• Donepezil (aricept) 1 / 4

Which cholinesterase inhibitor can be used for mild-to-moderate stages of Alzheimer's?

• ANSWER>> - Galantamine (razadyne)
• Rivastigmine (exeleon)

Which cholinesterase inhibitor can be used for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's and Parkinson's? - ANSWER>> - Rivastigmine (exeleon) What medication combination is used to treat moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's? - ANSWER>> - Memantine (namenda) and donepezil (aricept) What is memantine (namenda) used for? - ANSWER>> - Prescribed to improve memory, attention, reason, language, and the ability to perform simple tasks

• Can be used alone or with other Alzheimer's disease treatments

How does memantine (namenda) work? - ANSWER>> - Regulates the activity of glutamate, a chemical involved in information processing, storage, and retrieval

• Improves mental functioning and ability to perform daily activities for some people

What is the difference in MOA between cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine (namenda)? - ANSWER>> - Cholinesterase inhibitors prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, whereas memantine (namenda) regulates the activity of glutamate What is ataxia? - ANSWER>> - Also known as cerebellum attacks

• Degenerative disease of the nervous system
• Many symptoms mimic those of being drunk (i.e. slurred speech, stumbling, falling,

and incoordination) What causes the symptoms of ataxia? - ANSWER>> - The damage caused to the cerebellum, the part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating movements

• Can also be caused by damage to part of the spinal cord and nerves 2 / 4

What is the treatment for ataxia? - ANSWER>> - No treatment

• In some cases, treating the underlying causes (i.e. stopping medications that cause

ataxia)

• In other cases, it is a result from chicken pox or other viral infections (likely to resolve

on its own)

• Genetic causes/predisposed disposition is usually chronic

What causes ataxia in the pediatric population? - ANSWER>> - Genetic predisposition

• Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)
• Prader-Willie Syndrome

What is Fragile X syndrome (FXS)? - ANSWER>> - A genetic condition inherited from parents which results in various developmental problems

• Rare, but may be dangerous or life-threatening
• Present at birth and is a lifelong condition
• Rarely requires lab testing or imaging
• Often linked to autism (1/3 do have autism)
• X-linked disorder

Since Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is an X-linked disorder, does a specific gender have a greater risk? - ANSWER>> - Often, females are carriers and males are affected

• However, both males and females can be carriers, and both can be affected by the

condition

• Usually milder in females 3 / 4

How did Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) get its name? - ANSWER>> - The gene Fragile X (the FMR1 gene) is on the X syndrome

• Mutation of the FMR1 gene

What is the difference between Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)? - ANSWER>> - Both caused by mutations on the FMR1 gene, but they are caused by different changes in this gene

• FXS is caused by a full mutation
• FXTAS is a premutation
• FXS is present at birth, but display these features in early life
• FXTAS develops in adulthood (usually after age 50) and the symptoms may appear

slowly and develop over the years

• FXTAS individuals are usually healthy with normal cognitive skills prior to the onset

How is Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) diagnosed? - ANSWER>> - Being a FMR1 premutation carrier

• The appearance of neurological features such as ataxia (balance problems), tremors,

and other symptoms

• MRI findings (changes in the brain)

What is Prader-Willie Syndrome? - ANSWER>> - Genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body and their growth

• Causes mental and behavioral problems
• Can be dangerous or life threatening if untreated
• Combination of contraceptives contraindicated in breast feeding
• / 4