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WGU D027 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT FINAL
EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
- Loop Diuretics
- The correct answer is: Prefix "emide" Furosemide.
Mechanism of action: Block water reabsorption in the loop of
Henle of the nephron. Increases urine output. AE: decreased K+,
decreased BP, Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity. Contraindications:
auditory, renal impairments
- During diastole, which part of the heart is filling with blood?
- The correct answer is: Both ventricles. Systole reflects the
perfusing pressure of the cardiovascular system where the ventricles eject blood from the heart. Once complete, a resting period—diastole—follows, where blood must refill the ventricles directly from the collection that occurred in the atria.
- Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel?
- The correct answer is: Pulmonary vein. The superior vena
cava carries all the deoxygenated blood from peripheral circulation back to the heart where it enters the right atrium to
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be pumped into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps to the lungs for oxygenation via the pulmonary artery. After pulmonary circulation, the oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
- What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of
an aneurysm?
- The correct answer is: Erodes the vessel wall.
Atherosclerosis, also known as the process of "hardening of the arteries" and secondary to plaque formation, weakens the flexibility of a blood vessel wall. Without vascular compliance, the vessel wall becomes more rigid and susceptible to rupture (i.e., an aneurysm).
- Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular
muscle cell depolarizations?
- The correct answer is: The QRS wave of an
electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) represents the largest spike in electrical activity of the heart, as ventricular muscle cells perform the highest burden of work to pump blood volume out of the heart in that instance.
- Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the
myocardium associated with hypertension?
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- The correct answer is: Angiotensin II leads to myocardial
hypertrophy, poor myocardial compliance, and ventricular dilation through stimulating increased cardiac preload and afterload and direct toxicity to myocardial cells. It causes sarcomere death, abnormal collagen matrices, and interstitial fibrosis
- Most cardiovascular developments occur between which
weeks of gestation?
- The correct answer is: During weeks four to seven, the
primitive heart tube progresses through numerous stages of development leading to a developed heart with distinct atria, ventricles, and cardiac vessels.
- Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by
children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) to relieve hypoxic spells?
- The correct answer is: Spontaneous squatting helps relieve
hypercyanotic events in older children through increasing systemic vascular resistance, decreasing venous blood return.This provides a larger amount of oxygenated blood for the body and leads to the temporary reversal of blood through the ventricular septal defect (VSD), which results in increased pulmonary flow. Squatting is rarely seen clinically because most TOF defects are diagnosed and surgically repaired in infancy
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- Which condition is consistent with the cardiac defect of
transposition of the great vessels?
- The correct answer is: The aorta arises from the right
ventricle. In transposition of the great vessels, opposite of a normal heart, the aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
- A 26-year-old female presents to urgent care with
complaints of extreme fatigue, muscle aches, abdominal pain, numbness and tingling in her extremities, and bloating. She explains that she has been experiencing gastrointestinal upset after meals and has not had a bowel movement for the past four days. She reports using over-the-counter, anti-diarrheal products last week to combat diarrhea. She denies having any chronic diseases. The assessment findings include a blood pressure of 108/71 mm Hg, pulse of 82 beats per minute, and respirations of 20 breaths per minute. The abdomen is distended and firm.Bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants. The patient has a steady gait, though verbally complains of feeling weak and off balance upon ambulation. Following antibody testing, Celiac disease is suspected. Which follow-up tissue test, the gold standard for this suspected diagnosis, should be ordered?
- The correct answer is: Endoscopy with small intestine
biopsy