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WGU D027 Patho pharmacology Study Guide
1.color blindness and hemophilia: sex-linked traits,
cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color deficits are sickle cell anemia.
2.Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action: -Inhibit Na reabsorption in the
*distal tubule* -Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion -Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes
3.Diuril (chlorothiazide): 1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide
diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination
4.Calcium Channel Blockers: (INE)agents that inhibit the entry of
calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension 1 / 4
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5.Ca Channel Blockers: Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the
heart's contractions Norvasc (amlodipine) Cardizem (Diltiazem)
6.ACE inhibitors adverse effects: 1. first dose hypotension
- orthostatic hypotension
3.tachycardia 4.photosensitvity 5.renal insufficiency 6.hyperkalemia 7.Angioedema 8.Bone marrow depression
7.Beta Blockers: decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking
beta recep- tors by inhibiting effects of norepi
8.Escitalopram:
Lexapro SSRI 2 / 4
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9.pituitary gland: The endocrine system's most influential gland.
Under the in- fluence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
10.atherosclerotic plaque: fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated
glucose levels 3 / 4
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11.Primary HTN risk factors: 1. Genetic predisposition
2.Excess dietary salt intake 3.Adrenergic tone
4.racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans)
12.Primary HTN causes: Renal Parenchymal
disease Renal vascular disease essential HTN Cardiovascular disease CNS abnormalities Endocrine disease Syndromes Medication related (rare).
13.EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) proteins, mutation driving
lung cancer: medicate with Tagrisso, a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
14.Tagrisso (osimertinib): non-small cell lung cancer
15.muscular dystrophy (MD): group of hereditary diseases
characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness
16.Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD): Dx based on physical symptoms,
family history, an elevated concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in the blood indicating destruction of muscle, and molecular genetic testing.
17.Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms: Pseudohypertrophy of calf
mus- cles; use upper extremity to help them stand up; waddling gait
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