WGU D027 Study Guide(Comprehensive) 2023 Autosomal Dominant - Correct Answer 1 parent has, 50% change of child having Autosomal Recessive - Correct Answer Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child having, 50% chance child is a carrier.Cystic Fibrosis - Correct Answer affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs 21st Trisomy - Correct Answer Down Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) - Correct Answer male has extra X, female like qualities Turner Syndrome - Correct Answer Missing X in females Alpha Thalassemia - Correct Answer inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia Beta Thallasemia - Correct Answer low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous sulfate Prevalence Risk - Correct Answer proportion of the population affected at a certain time Incidence rate - Correct Answer number of new cases divided by population Innate immunity - Correct Answer inflammation; increased vascular permeability B&T lymphocytes - Correct Answer immune response primary malignant tumor - Correct Answer lack of organization of cells glucocorticoids - Correct Answer used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to lymphoid tissues.Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - Correct Answer for hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and recurrence risk) Heart failure - Correct Answer impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart cannot meet metabolic need of the body.CHF - Correct Answer heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary area Left Ventricular Dysfunction - Correct Answer reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having issue ejecting blood. 1 / 2
normal ejection fraction - Correct Answer 55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each heartbeat) Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? - Correct Answer preserved Diastolic CHF - Correct Answer preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling Systolic CHF - Correct Answer reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting Left sided CHF - Correct Answer pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3 murmurs) ** #1 cause of Right sided CHF BNP - Correct Answer gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF Echocardiogram - Correct Answer Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function At Risk for HF - Stage A - Correct Answer no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure Stage A HF co-morbidities - Correct Answer htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, patients using cardiotoxins with family history Therapy goals of stage A HF - Correct Answer treat htn, encourage smoking cessation, encourage regular exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol intake/drug use, control metabolic syndrome Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan, benicar, diovan, etc) At Risk for HF - Stage B - Correct Answer structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure Stage B HF co-morbidities - Correct Answer previous MI, LV remodeling with LV hypertrophy and low EF, asymptomatic valvular disease
Therapy goals of Stage B HF - Correct Answer Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers,
inplantable defibrillators Stage C heart failure - Correct Answer structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF Presentation of Stage C HF - Correct Answer known structural heart disease and shortness of breath and fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
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