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WGU D236 Objective Assessment Final Version 2 /WGU D236 Pathophysiology OA Final Exam Newest 2025/2026 Actual Exam Complete All Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) |Already Graded A+
Why is it important to maintain a homeostatic balance of glucose in the blood (ie describe the pathogenesis of diabetes)? – ANSWER Insulin is the hormone responsible for initiating the uptake ofglucose by the cells. Cells use glucose to produce energy (ATP).
In a normal individual, when blood glucose increases, the pancreas is signaled to produced in insulin, which binds to insulin receptors on a cells surface and initiates the uptake of glucose.
Glucose is a very reactive molecule and if left in the blood, it can start to bind to other proteins and lipids, which can lead to loss of function.
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AGEs are advanced glycation end products that are a result of glucose reacting with the endothelial lining, which can lead to damage in the heart and kidneys.
Compare and contrast Type I and Type II Diabetes
- ANSWER Type I diabetes is caused by lack of insulin.With out
insulin signaling, glucose will not be taken into the cell and leads to high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Type I is usually treated with insulin injections.
Type II diabetes is caused by a desensitization to insulin signaling. The insulin receptors are no longer responding to insulin, which also leads to hyperglycemia.
Type II is usually treated with drugs to increase the sensitization to insulin (metformin), dietary and life- style changes or insulin injections.
Describe some reasons for a patient needing dialysis
- ANSWER AEIOU-acidosis. Electrolytes,Intoxication/Ingestion,
overload, uremia. Patients with kidney or heart failure. 2 / 4
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A build up of phosphates, urea and magnesium are removed from the blood using a semi-permeable membrane and dialysate.
AEIOU:
A—acidosis; E—electrolytes principally hyperkalemia; I— ingestions or overdose of medications/drugs; O—overload of fluid causing heart failure; U— uremia leading to encephalitis/pericarditis
Compare and contrast hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
What are some reasons for a patient choosing one over the other? – ANSWER Hemodialysis uses a machine to pump blood from the body in one tube while dialysate (made of water, electrolytes and salts) is pumped in the separate tube in the opposite direction. Waste from the blood diffuses throughthe semipermeable membrane separating the blood from the dialysate.
Peritoneal Dialysis does not use a machine, but instead injects a solution of water and glucose into the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum acts as 3 / 4
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the membrane instead of dialysis tubing. The waste products diffuse into the abdominal cavity and the waste solution is then drained from the body.
Peritoneal dialysis offers continuous filtration and is less disruption to the patient's daily routines. However, it does require some training of the patient and is not recommended for individuals who are overweight or have severe kidney failure.
Hemodialysis provides medical care, but 3 times a week for several hours sitting at a hospital or clinic. Individuals with acute kidney failure are recommended to use hemodialysis.
How does homeostasis and maintaining optimal physiological health impact your wellbeing?
- ANSWER Homeostasis acts to create a constant and stable
environment in the body despite internal and externalchanges. Proteins and other cellular processes require optimal conditions in order to carry out their functions.
Alterations in pH, salt concentration, temperature, glucose levels, etc.can have negative effects on health, so it is vital for mechanisms that regulate homeostasis to function properly for maintaining good health
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