WGUl D115l Objectivel Assessmentl (Latestl 2025/l 2026l Update)l Advancedl Pathophysiologyl forl thel Advancedl Practicel Nursel Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)
Q:l Atriall septall defectl is:
Answer:
Al congenitall heartl defectl inl whichl therel isl al holel betweenl thel heart'sl twol upperl chambers
Q:l Whichl ofl thel followingl groupsl isl notl atl increasedl riskl ofl developingl endocarditis?l Personsl withl elevatedl cholesteroll levels
Answer:
Patientsl withl artificiall heartl valvel orl implantedl medicall devicesl inl thel heartl orl bloodl vessels Patientsl withl congenitall heartl defects Feedback:l Endocarditisl riskl factors:l Olderl age.l Endocarditisl occursl mostl oftenl inl olderl adultsl overl agel 60.l Artificiall heartl valves.l Germsl arel morel likelyl tol attachl tol anl artificiall (prosthetic)l heartl valvel thanl tol al normall heartl valve.l Damagedl heartl valves.l Certainl medicall conditions,l suchl asl rheumaticl feverl orl infection,l canl damagel orl scarl onel orl morel ofl yourl heartl valves,l increasingl thel riskl ofl infection.l Congenitall heartl defects.l Ifl youl werel bornl withl certainl typesl ofl heartl defects,l suchl asl anl irregularl heartl orl abnormall heartl valves,l yourl heartl mayl bel morel susceptiblel tol infection.l Implantedl heartl device.l Bacterial canl attachl tol anl implantedl device,l suchl asl al pacemaker,l causingl anl infectionl ofl thel heart'sl lining.l Al historyl ofl endocarditis.l Endocarditisl canl damagel heartl tissuel andl valves,l increasingl thel riskl ofl al futurel heartl infection.l Al historyl ofl illegall IVl drugl use.l Peoplel whol usel illegall drugsl byl injectingl theml arel atl al greaterl riskl ofl endocarditis.l Thel needlesl usedl tol injectl drugsl canl bel contaminatedl withl thel bacterial thatl canl causel endocarditis.l Poorl dentall health.l Al healthyl mouthl andl healthyl 1 / 4
gumsl arel essentiall forl goodl health.l Ifl youl don'tl brushl andl flossl regularly,l bacterial canl growl insidel yourl mouthl andl mayl enterl yourl bloodstreaml throughl al cutl onl yourl gums.l Long-terml catheterl use.l Havingl al catheterl inl placel forl al longl periodl ofl timel (indwellingl catheter)l increasesl yourl riskl ofl endocarditis.Personsl withl poorl dentall hygienel andl guml disease
Q:l Whichl ofl thel followingl statementl aboutl mitrall valvel prolapsel isl false?l Alll peoplel withl mitrall valvel prolapsel requirel immediatel medicall orl surgicall treatment
Answer:
Itl isl generallyl asymptomaticl andl requiresl nol treatment Feedback:l Thoughl mostl peoplel withl mitrall valvel prolapsel don'tl needl surgery,l yourl doctorl mayl suggestl surgicall treatmentl ifl youl havel severel mitrall valvel regurgitation,l whetherl youl havel symptomsl orl not.l Severel mitrall valvel regurgitationl canl eventuallyl causel heartl failure,l preventingl yourl heartl froml effectivelyl pumpingl blood.l Surgeryl shouldl bel consideredl whenl thel leakl isl severe.l Inl mostl facilities,l thel regurgitationl (leak)l isl gradedl onl al scalel froml 0l tol 4,l withl 0l beingl nol leakl andl 4l beingl al severel leak Itl affectsl lessl thanl 3%l ofl thel population Itl isl morel commonl inl personsl withl connectivel tissuel disordersl suchl asl Marfanl syndrome
Q:l Thel risksl associatedl withl stentsl includel alll ofl thel followingl except:l Elevatedl cholesteroll orl triglyceridel levels
Answer:
Bloodl clotl atl thel stentl site Rupturel ofl anl aneurysm Blockedl bloodl flowl tol thel lowerl body
Q:l Thel overwhelmingl majorityl ofl strokesl arel ischemic.l Thel percentagel ofl strokesl
attributablel tol intracerebrall hemorrhagel is:
Answer:
10% Feedback:l Intracerebrall hemorrhagel accountsl forl 10-15%l ofl alll strokesl andl carriesl veryl highl morbidityl andl mortalityl ratesl thatl havel notl changedl overl thel lastl 30l years.l Atl onel year,l mortalityl rangesl froml 51%l tol 65%l dependingl onl thel locationl ofl thel hemorrhage.l 1l Halfl ofl thel deathsl occurl inl thel firstl twol days.
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Q:l Morel thanl 60%l ofl strokel deathsl occurl in:
Answer:
Women Feedback:l Aboutl 40l percentl ofl strokel deathsl occurl inl males,l andl 60l percentl inl females.l Amongl Mexicanl Americansl agel 20l andl older,l 2l percentl ofl menl andl 2.7l percentl ofl womenl havel hadl al stroke.
Q:l Transientl ischemicl attacksl (TIA)l arel associatedl withl alll ofl thel followingl except:l Increasedl riskl ofl congenitall heartl disease
Answer:
increasedl riskl ofl strokel inl thel firstl 30l daysl followingl thel TIA Increasedl riskl ofl strokel inl thel firstl 90l daysl followingl thel TIA Increasedl riskl ofl deathl withinl onel yearl ofl thel TIA Feedback:l Thel riskl ofl strokel afterl transientl ischemicl attackl isl somewherel betweenl 2%l andl 17%l withinl thel firstl 90l days.l Amongl patientsl withl transientl ischemicl attack,l onel inl fivel willl havel al subsequentl strokel (thel mostl commonl outcome),l al heartl attackl orl diel withinl onel year.
Q:l Highl bloodl pressurel isl lessl commonl amongl womenl who:
Answer:
Arel agel 45l andl younger Feedback:l Riskl factorsl Highl bloodl pressurel hasl manyl riskl factors,l including:l Age.l Thel riskl ofl highl bloodl pressurel increasesl asl youl age.l Untill aboutl agel 64,l highl bloodl pressurel isl morel commonl inl men.l Womenl arel morel likelyl tol developl highl bloodl pressurel afterl agel 65.l Race.l Highl bloodl pressurel isl particularlyl commonl amongl peoplel ofl Africanl heritage,l oftenl developingl atl anl earlierl agel thanl itl doesl inl whites.l Seriousl complications,l suchl asl stroke,l heartl attackl andl kidneyl failure,l alsol arel morel commonl inl peoplel ofl Africanl heritage.l Familyl history.l Highl bloodl pressurel tendsl tol runl inl families.l Beingl overweightl orl obese.l Thel morel youl weigh,l thel morel bloodl youl needl tol supplyl oxygenl andl nutrientsl tol yourl tissues.l Asl thel amountl ofl bloodl flowl throughl yourl bloodl vesselsl increases,l sol doesl thel pressurel onl yourl arteryl walls.l Notl beingl physicallyl active.l Peoplel whol arel inactivel tendl tol havel higherl heartl rates.l Thel higherl yourl heartl rate,l thel harderl yourl heartl mustl workl withl eachl contractionl andl thel strongerl thel forcel onl yourl arteries.l Lackl ofl physicall activityl alsol increasesl thel riskl ofl beingl overweight.l Usingl tobacco.l Notl onlyl doesl smokingl orl chewingl tobaccol immediatelyl raisel yourl bloodl pressurel temporarily,l butl thel chemicalsl inl tobaccol canl damagel thel liningl ofl yourl 3 / 4
arteryl walls.l Thisl canl causel yourl arteriesl tol narrowl andl increasel yourl riskl ofl heartl disease.l Secondhandl smokel alsol canl increasel yourl heartl diseasel risk.l Tool muchl saltl (sodium)l inl yourl diet.l Tool muchl sodiuml inl yourl dietl canl causel yourl bodyl tol retainl fluid,l whichl increasesl bloodl pressure.l Tool littlel potassiuml inl yourl diet.l Potassiuml helpsl balancel thel amountl ofl sodiuml inl yourl cells.l Al properl balancel ofl potassiuml isl criticall forl goodl heartl health.l Ifl youl don'tl getl enoughl potassiuml inl yourl diet,l orl youl losel tool muchl potassiuml duel tol dehydrationl orl other
Q:l Thel riskl ofl dyingl asl al resultl ofl cardiovascularl diseasel increasesl withl advancingl age.l Approximatelyl whatl percentl ofl personsl whol diel ofl coronaryl heartl diseasel arel olderl adultsl -l agel 65l orl older?
Answer:
>80% Feedback:l Averagel agel ofl firstl heartl attackl isl 65.1l yearsl forl menl andl 72.0l yearsl forl women.l Aboutl 80%l ofl peoplel whol diel ofl CHDl arel agel 65l orl older.
Q:l Examinationl ofl al patientl inl al supinel positionl revealsl distendedl jugularl veinsl froml thel basel ofl thel neckl tol thel anglel ofl thel jaw.l Thisl findingl indicates:
Answer:
Thel appearancel ofl thel veinl isl similarl tol al ropel orl raisedl tubel belowl thel surfacel ofl thel skin,l andl itsl heightl canl bel measuredl tol indicatel thel CVP.l Anl increasedl volumel ofl bloodl andl highl CVPl arel signsl ofl heartl failure.l However,l therel arel otherl reasonsl whyl JVDl mightl occur,l suchl asl al blockage increasedl centrall venousl pressure
Q:l Al patientl whol underwentl al percutaneous,l transluminall coronaryl angioplastyl fourl weeksl agol hasl al subsequentl ejectionl fractionl ofl 30%.l Thel patientl returnsl forl al follow- upl visit.l Examinationl revealsl lungsl thatl arel clearl tol auscultationl andl slightl pedall edema.l Thel patient'sl medicationsl arel digoxinl (Lanoxin),l furosemidel (Lasix),l enalaprill maleatel (Vasotec),l andl aspirin.l Thel patientl reportsl al 5-lbl (2.27-kg)l weightl gainl overl thel
pastl twol days.l Thel cardiac-vascularl nurse'sl initiall actionl isl to:
Answer:
inquirel aboutl thel patient'sl medicationl compliance Feedback:l lasixl isl al diureticl usedl tol helpl controll excessivel fluidl accumulationl oftenl firstl appearingl inl thel lowerl extremities.l Itl isl imperativel tol assessl thatl medicationsl arel beingl takenl appropriatelyl priorl tol adjustingl medsl orl pursuingl otherl interventions.
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