WJEC Criminology Unit 4 Questions with Complete Solutions What stages does a Bill go through on its way to becoming law? - Correct Answers ✅Bill may start either in the Commons or the Lords.First reading Second reading (debate and vote) Committee Stage Report Stage (Committee reports to the House) Third reading (debate and vote) All of the above repeated in the other House.Royal Assent The Bill then becomes an Act of Parliament.Judicial Precedent - Correct Answers ✅Law made by judges. When deciding cases, judges must follow judgements in previous similar cases. Lower courts must follow higher courts.What was the precedent from Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) -
Correct Answers ✅Donoghue v Stevenson: Mrs Donoghue
suffered nervous shock upon discovering a decomposed snail in her bottle of lemonade. The court decided that the manufacturer of the lemonade owed a "duty of care" to Mrs Donoghue.Statutory Interpretation - Correct Answers ✅Judges create law when they interpret the wording of statutes. 1 / 3
WJEC Criminology Unit 4 Questions with Complete Solutions Whitely v Chappell (1868) (an example of statutory interpretation) - Correct Answers ✅The defendant was charged with the offence of "impersonating any person entitled to vote". The defendant had pretended to be a person not on the electoral register because the person had died. The court held that the defendant was not guilty because dead people are not entitled to vote.What is the relationship between the following agencies of the criminal justice system?
- Police
- Ministry of Justice
- HM Courts and Tribunals Service
- Crown Prosecution Service
- National Probation Service
- Sentencing Council
- Campaigns for change - Correct Answers ✅- Police: They
work with the CPS to bring prosecutions. Police officers often give evidence in court.
- Ministry of Justice: Oversees the work of the courts,
probation and prison services. 2 / 3
WJEC Criminology Unit 4 Questions with Complete Solutions
- HM Courts and Tribunals Service: Judges create law through
judicial precedent and statutory interpretation.
- Crown Prosecution Service: They advise the police on
charging suspects.
- National Probation Service: They liaise with the police if a
prisoner needs to be recalled to prison. They oversee prisons who have been released on licence.
- Sentencing Council: They work with the judiciary to produce
guidelines for sentencing.
- Campaigns for change: The Sarah's Law campaign liaised
with the police to introduce the sex offenders disclosure scheme. The Bobby Turnbull anti-gun campaign liaised with the police in changing gun licensing.Due Process model of criminal justice - Correct Answers ✅The justice system should safeguard the rights of the individual to reduce the chance of wrongful conviction.Presumption of innocence - Correct Answers ✅A person should be presumed innocent until proven guilty.
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